In addition to taste, help chewing and swallowing food, the tongue can also be an indication of health conditions you know. That is why, doctors often ask patients to stick out their tongue when examined, to find out their health condition.
This diagnosis through the tongue has long been practiced in traditional Chinese medicine. Many acute and chronic diseases can be detected early from the tongue. Medically, various health problems can indeed cause changes in the color and texture of the tongue.
The tongue changes color and shape
A healthy tongue is pink with small spots called tongue papils. Under normal conditions, the tongue is neither too thick nor too thin, soft, the surface looks smooth and not cracked. What if there is a change in the color and shape of the tongue? At least, there are 3 things from the tongue that are usually noticed by doctors, namely the presence or absence of discoloration, shape, and surface of the tongue. Let's recognize the change in color and shape of the tongue in more detail:The tongue is white
In infants, a white tongue is often caused by leftover milk in the mouth. In adults, this condition also often occurs in people who drink less water (dehydration).
But the tongue is white or full of white spots and thickened, it could be a symptom of mouth fungus. This condition is more often experienced by newborns, people whose immune systems are weak, elderly (especially those wearing dentures), people with diabetes, heart disease, or asthma.
White patches on the tongue and the inside of the mouth can also occur due to excessive cell development or leukoplakia. This condition often occurs in smokers due to mouth irritation in the long term (chronic), and can be an early sign of cancer.
Besides mouth fungus and leukoplakia, white tongue can be caused by oral lichen planus, which is characterized by the appearance of white lines like a cord on the tongue. The cause is unknown, but it usually resolves on its own.
The tongue is red
A red tongue, not pink, may be a sign of vitamin deficiency, strep throat, or Kawasaki disease. Bright red tongue can also indicate a lack of folic acid, vitamin B12, or iron.
The tongue is black and hairy
In some people, the tongue papilla can grow too large or long, so as to appear hairy. A hairy-looking tongue can become a den of bacteria, and make the tongue dark. But do not worry, this condition is very rare and can only be experienced by people who do not maintain good oral hygiene. This condition can also occur in diabetics, as well as people undergoing long-term antibiotic treatment or chemotherapy.
Swollen or sore tongue
In addition to color, you also need to observe changes in the shape of the tongue. Immediately check yourself if there are lumps or pain in the tongue that does not disappear for more than 2 weeks. This condition can be a symptom of oral cancer. A swollen tongue can also indicate digestive disorders.
Chapped tongue
Chapped tongue can occur due to tongue biting, irritation from smoking, or thrush, which may indicate that you are stressed. If canker sores come, try gargling with salt water and avoid oily foods.
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